Trying to conceive but facing challenges due to low sperm count or blockages? In some cases, surgical sperm retrieval techniques like Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA), Micro Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA), and Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) can offer hope. These minimally invasive procedures allow for the retrieval of sperm directly from the epididymis or testicles for use in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF or ICSI.

Here’s a breakdown of each procedure:

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA):  This is a relatively simple outpatient procedure. A fine needle is inserted through the skin of the scrotum and into the epididymis, the tube where sperm mature and are stored. Sperm is then aspirated with a syringe. PESA is preferred when there’s a blockage preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate but sperm production in the epididymis is likely normal.

Micro Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): Similar to PESA, MESA involves retrieving sperm from the epididymis. However, MESA utilizes a microscope for greater precision. A small incision is made in the scrotum, and a needle is inserted directly into the epididymis to aspirate sperm. MESA is often chosen when PESA is unsuccessful or offers limited results.

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): When sperm production is very low or absent in the epididymis, TESA might be necessary. A small amount of testicular tissue is extracted through a tiny incision in the scrotum using a fine needle. A laboratory team then examines the tissue to identify and extract sperm cells. TESA is typically used for men with non-obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production itself is impaired.

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Choosing the Right Procedure:

The specific procedure recommended by your doctor will depend on the underlying cause of your infertility and the likelihood of finding viable sperm. Factors like the severity of blockage, sperm count in the ejaculate, and overall semen quality will be considered.

Benefits of Surgical Sperm Retrieval:

• Offers an option for sperm retrieval in cases of male infertility due to blockages or low sperm production.
• Minimally invasive procedures with relatively short recovery times.
• Can be used in conjunction with IVF or ICSI to achieve pregnancy.

Things to Consider:

• These procedures are typically performed with local anaesthesia or mild sedation.
• Success rates vary depending on the underlying cause of infertility and individual factors.
• There might be associated risks like bleeding or infection, although rare.

Open Communication is Key

If you’re considering surgical sperm retrieval, discuss all your questions and concerns with your doctor.  Understanding the procedures, potential risks, and success rates will help you make informed decisions about your fertility journey.